8310a3fbad
git-svn-id: svn://svn.code.sf.net/p/irrlicht/code/trunk@6000 dfc29bdd-3216-0410-991c-e03cc46cb475
395 lines
23 KiB
HTML
395 lines
23 KiB
HTML
<html>
|
|
<head>
|
|
<title>Irrlicht Engine Tutorial</title>
|
|
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
|
|
</head>
|
|
|
|
<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" leftmargin="0" topmargin="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0">
|
|
<br>
|
|
<table width="90%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" align="center">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td bgcolor="#666699"> <b><font color="#FFFFFF">Tutorial 1.HelloWorld</font></b></td>
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td height="90" bgcolor="#F7F3F7"> <div align="left">
|
|
<p>This Tutorial shows how to set up the IDE for using the
|
|
Irrlicht Engine and how to write a simple HelloWorld program
|
|
with it. The program will show how to use the basics of
|
|
the VideoDriver, the GUIEnvironment and the SceneManager.<br>
|
|
The result of this example will look like this:</p>
|
|
<p align="center"><img src="../../media/001shot.jpg" width="259" height="204"><br>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</div></td>
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<br> <table width="90%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" align="center">
|
|
<tr> <a name="settingup"></a>
|
|
<td bgcolor="#666699"> <b><font color="#FFFFFF">Setting up the
|
|
IDE</font></b></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td height="90" bgcolor="#F7F3F7"> <div align="left">
|
|
<div align="left">
|
|
<p align="left">To use the engine, we will have to include
|
|
the header file <irrlicht.h>, which can be found
|
|
in the Irrlicht Engine SDK directory \include. To let
|
|
the compiler find this header file, the directory where
|
|
it is located should be specified somewhere. This is different
|
|
for every IDE and compiler. I will explain how to do this
|
|
in Microsoft Visual Studio C++ 6.0 and .NET:</p>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<div align="left">If you use Version 6.0, select the Menu
|
|
Extras -> Options. Select the directories tab, and
|
|
select the 'Include' Item in the combo box. Add the
|
|
\include directory of the Irrlicht Engine folder to
|
|
the list of directories. Now the compiler will find
|
|
the Irrlicht.h header file. We also need the location
|
|
of irrlicht.lib to be listed, so select the 'Libraries'
|
|
tab and add the \lib\VisualStudio directory.<br>
|
|
<br>
|
|
<img src="../../media/vc6optionsdir.jpg" width="231" height="172" align="middle"> <img src="../../media/vc6include.jpg" width="231" height="159" align="middle"><br>
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>If your IDE is Visual Studio .NET, select Tools ->
|
|
Options. Select the Projects entry and then select VC++
|
|
directories. Select 'show directories for include files'
|
|
in the combo box, and add the \include directory of the
|
|
Irrlicht Engine folder to the list of directories so the
|
|
compiler will find the Irrlicht.h header file. We also
|
|
need the irrlicht.lib to be found, so select 'show directories
|
|
for Library files' and add the \lib\VisualStudio directory.<br>
|
|
<br>
|
|
<img src="../../media/vcnetinclude.jpg" width="256" height="160">
|
|
<br>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
<p> </p>
|
|
</div></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<br> <table width="90%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" align="center">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td bgcolor="#666699"> <font color="#FFFFFF"><b>Lets start!</b></font></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td height="90" bgcolor="#F7F3F7" valign="top"> <div align="left">
|
|
<div align="left">
|
|
<div align="left">
|
|
<div align="left">
|
|
<p>After we have set up the IDE, the compiler will know
|
|
where to find the Irrlicht Engine header files so
|
|
we can include it now into our code.</p>
|
|
<table width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td> <pre>#include <irrlicht.h></pre> </td>
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p>In the Irrlicht Engine, everything can be found in
|
|
the namespace 'irr'. So if you want to use a class
|
|
of the engine, you'll have to type an irr:: before
|
|
the name of the class. For example, to use the IrrlichtDevice,
|
|
write: irr::IrrlichtDevice. To avoid having to put
|
|
irr:: before of the name of every class, we tell the
|
|
compiler that we use that namespace.</p>
|
|
<table width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td> <pre>using namespace irr;</pre> </td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p>There are 5 sub-namespaces in the Irrlicht Engine.
|
|
Take a look at them: you can read a detailed description
|
|
of them in the documentation by clicking on the top
|
|
menu item '<a href="http://irrlicht.sourceforge.net/docu/namespaces.html">Namespace
|
|
List</a>'. To keep this example simple, we don't want
|
|
to have to specify the name spaces, Hence:</p>
|
|
<table width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td> <pre>using namespace core;<br>using namespace scene;<br>using namespace video;<br>using namespace io;<br>using namespace gui;</pre> </td>
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p>To be able to use the Irrlicht.DLL file, we need
|
|
to link with the Irrlicht.lib. We could set this option
|
|
in the project settings, but to make it easy we use
|
|
a pragma comment:</p>
|
|
<table width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td> <pre>#pragma comment(lib, "Irrlicht.lib")</pre> </td>
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p>Now the main method: to keep this example simple
|
|
we use int main(), which can be used on any platform.
|
|
However, on Windows platforms, we could also use the
|
|
WinMain method if we would want to get rid of the
|
|
console window which pops up when starting a program
|
|
with main().</p>
|
|
<table width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td> <pre>int main()<br>{</pre> </td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p>The most important function of the engine is the
|
|
'createDevice' function. The Irrlicht Device, which
|
|
is the root object for doing everything with the engine,
|
|
can be created with it. createDevice() has 7 parameters:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<div align="left"> deviceType: Type of the device. This can currently
|
|
be the Null device, the Software device, Direct3D8, Direct3D9,
|
|
or OpenGL. In this example we use EDT_SOFTWARE, but, to try
|
|
them out, you might want to change it to EDT_NULL, EDT_DIRECT3D8,
|
|
EDT_DIRECT3D9 or EDT_OPENGL. </div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<div align="left">windowSize: Size of the window or
|
|
full screen mode to be created. In this example
|
|
we use 512x384.</div>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<div align="left">bits: Number of bits per pixel when
|
|
in full screen mode. This should be 16 or 32. This
|
|
parameter is ignored when running in windowed mode.</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<div align="left">fullscreen: Specifies if we want
|
|
the device to run in full screen mode or not.</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>stencilbuffer: Specifies if we want to use the stencil
|
|
buffer for drawing shadows.</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>vsync: Specifies if we want to have vsync enabled.
|
|
This is only useful in full screen mode.</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<div align="left">eventReceiver: An object to receive
|
|
events. We do not want to use this parameter here,
|
|
and set it to 0.</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<table width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td> <pre>IrrlichtDevice *device =<br> createDevice(EDT_SOFTWARE, dimension2d<s32>(512, 384), 16,<br> false, false, false, 0);</pre> </td>
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p>Now we set the caption of the window to some nice text.
|
|
Note that there is a 'L' in front of the string: the
|
|
Irrlicht Engine uses wide character strings when displaying
|
|
text.</p>
|
|
<table width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td> <pre>device->setWindowCaption(L"Hello World! - Irrlicht Engine Demo");</pre> </td>
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p>Now we store a pointer to the video driver, the SceneManager,
|
|
and the graphical user interface environment so that
|
|
we do not always have to write device->getVideoDriver(),
|
|
device->getSceneManager(), and device->getGUIEnvironment().</p>
|
|
<table width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td> <pre>IVideoDriver* driver = device->getVideoDriver();<br>ISceneManager* smgr = device->getSceneManager();<br>IGUIEnvironment* guienv = device->getGUIEnvironment();</pre> </td>
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p> We add a hello world label to the window using the
|
|
GUI environment. The text is placed at the position
|
|
(10,10) as top left corner and (200,22) as lower right
|
|
corner.</p>
|
|
<table width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td> <pre>guienv->addStaticText(L"Hello World! This is the Irrlicht Software engine!",<br> rect<s32>(10,10,200,22), true);</pre> </td>
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p>To display something interesting, we load a Quake 2
|
|
model and display it. We only have to get the Mesh from
|
|
the Scene Manager with getMesh() and add a SceneNode
|
|
to display the mesh with addAnimatedMeshSceneNode().
|
|
Instead of loading a Quake2 file (.md2), it is also
|
|
possible to load a Maya object file (.obj), a complete
|
|
Quake3 map (.bsp), or a Milshape file (.ms3d).<br>
|
|
By the way, that cool Quake 2 model called sydney.md2
|
|
was modelled by Brian Collins.</p>
|
|
<table width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td> <pre>IAnimatedMesh* mesh = smgr->getMesh("../../media/sydney.md2");<br>IAnimatedMeshSceneNode* node = smgr->addAnimatedMeshSceneNode( mesh );</pre> </td>
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p>To make the mesh look a little bit nicer, we change
|
|
its material a little bit: we disable lighting because
|
|
we do not have a dynamic light in here and the mesh
|
|
would be totally black. Then we set the frame loop so
|
|
that the animation is looped between the frames 0 and
|
|
310. Then, at last, we apply a texture to the mesh.
|
|
Without it the mesh would be drawn using only a solid
|
|
color.</p>
|
|
<table width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td> <pre>if (node)<br>{<br> node->setMaterialFlag(EMF_LIGHTING, false);<br> node->setFrameLoop(0, 310); <br> node->setMaterialTexture( 0, driver->getTexture("../../media/sydney.bmp") );<br>}</pre>
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p>To look at the mesh, we place a camera into 3d space
|
|
at the position (0, 10, -40). The camera looks from
|
|
there to (0,5,0).</p>
|
|
<table width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td> <pre>smgr->addCameraSceneNode(0, vector3df(0,30,-40), vector3df(0,5,0));</pre> </td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p>Ok. Now that we have set up the scene, let's draw everything:
|
|
we run the device in a while() loop until the device
|
|
does not want to run any more. This would be when the
|
|
user closes the window or presses ALT+F4 in Windows.</p>
|
|
<table width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td> <pre>while(device->run())<br>{</pre> </td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p> Everything must be drawn between a beginScene() and
|
|
an endScene() call. The beginScene clears the screen
|
|
with a color and also the depth buffer, if desired.
|
|
Then we let the Scene Manager and the GUI environment
|
|
draw their content. With the endScene() call, everything
|
|
is presented on the screen.</p>
|
|
<table width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
<td> <pre> driver->beginScene(true, true, SColor(255,100,101,140));<br>
|
|
smgr->drawAll();
|
|
guienv->drawAll();</pre>
|
|
<pre> driver->endScene();
|
|
}</pre> </td>
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p>After we are finished, we have to delete the Irrlicht
|
|
Device created earlier with createDevice(). With the
|
|
Irrlicht Engine, you should delete all objects you created
|
|
with a method or function that starts with 'create'.
|
|
The object is deleted simply by calling ->drop().
|
|
See the <a href="http://irrlicht.sourceforge.net/docu/classirr_1_1IUnknown.html#a3" target="_blank">documentation</a>
|
|
for more information.</p>
|
|
<table width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td> <pre> device->drop();<br> return 0;
|
|
}</pre> </td>
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p>That's it. Compile and run. </p>
|
|
<p> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
|
<br>
|
|
<table width="90%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" align="center">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td bgcolor="#666699"> <b><font color="#FFFFFF">Possible Errors
|
|
or Problems</font></b></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td height="90" bgcolor="#F7F3F7"> <div align="left">
|
|
<div align="left">
|
|
<div align="left">
|
|
<p><strong>Visual Studio</strong><br>
|
|
|
|
While trying to compile the tutorial, if you get the
|
|
error: </p>
|
|
<table width="90%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><font face="Courier New, Courier, mono">fatal
|
|
error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'irrlicht.h':
|
|
No such file or directory</font></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p>Solution: You may have set the include directory improperly
|
|
in the Visual Studio options. See <a href="#settingup">above</a>
|
|
for information on setting it. </p>
|
|
|
|
<table width="90%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><font face="Courier New, Courier, mono">LINK
|
|
: LNK6004: HelloWorld.exe not found or not built
|
|
by the last incremental link; performing full link<br>
|
|
LINK : fatal error LNK1104: cannot open file "Irrlicht.lib"<br>
|
|
Error executing link.exe</font></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p> Solution: You may have set the library directory improperly.
|
|
See <a href="#settingup">above</a> for information on
|
|
setting it. <br>
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><strong>Compiler independent problems<br>
|
|
</strong>If the tutorial compiles successfully but gives
|
|
the error: </p>
|
|
<table width="90%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><font face="Courier New, Courier, mono">This
|
|
application has failed to start because Irrlicht.dll
|
|
was not found. Re-installing the application may
|
|
fix this problem</font></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p>Solution: You may have forgotten to copy the Irrlicht.dll
|
|
file from Irrlicht\bin\VisualStudio to the directory
|
|
the tutorial's project file is in. </p>
|
|
If the tutorial compiles and runs successfully but produces
|
|
errors in the console like:<br>
|
|
<br>
|
|
<table width="90%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><font face="Courier New, Courier, mono">Could
|
|
not load mesh, because file could not be opened.:
|
|
../media/sydney.md2</font></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p> Or:</p>
|
|
<table width="90%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><em><font face="Courier New, Courier, mono">Could
|
|
not open file of texture: stones.jpg</font></em><font face="Courier New, Courier, mono"><b><br>
|
|
</b><em>Could not load texture: stones.jpg </em></font></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p>Solution: The file listed in the error message cannot
|
|
be found. Ensure that the directory specified in the
|
|
main.cpp exists and is where the file is located. <br>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p> </p>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|