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irrlicht/examples/18.SplitScreen/tutorial.html
cutealien 3fa6370cea Merging r6172 through r6199 from branch releases/1.8 to trunk 
Changes are all related to automatic creation of documentation.
Note: It's not yet fully working in trunk due to changes since 1.8


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<div class="title">Tutorial 18: Splitscreen </div> </div>
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<p>A tutorial by Max Winkel.</p>
<p>In this tutorial we'll learn how to use splitscreen (e.g. for racing-games) with Irrlicht. We'll create a viewport divided into 4 parts, with 3 fixed cameras and one user-controlled.</p>
<p>Ok, let's start with the headers (I think there's nothing to say about it) </p><div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#include &lt;irrlicht.h&gt;</span></div><div class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#include &quot;driverChoice.h&quot;</span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#ifdef _MSC_VER</span></div><div class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#pragma comment(lib, &quot;Irrlicht.lib&quot;)</span></div><div class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#endif</span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">//Namespaces for the engine</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">using namespace </span>irr;</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">using namespace </span>core;</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">using namespace </span>video;</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">using namespace </span>scene;</div></div><!-- fragment --><p> Now we'll define the resolution in a constant for use in initializing the device and setting up the viewport. In addition we set up a global variable saying splitscreen is active or not. </p><div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="comment">//Resolution</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keywordtype">int</span> ResX=800;</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keywordtype">int</span> ResY=600;</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keywordtype">bool</span> fullScreen=<span class="keyword">false</span>;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">//Use SplitScreen?</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keywordtype">bool</span> SplitScreen=<span class="keyword">true</span>;</div></div><!-- fragment --><p> Now we need four pointers to our cameras which are created later: </p><div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="comment">//cameras</span></div><div class="line">ICameraSceneNode *camera[4]={0,0,0,0};</div></div><!-- fragment --><p> In our event-receiver we switch the SplitScreen-variable, whenever the user press the S-key. All other events are sent to the FPS camera. </p><div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="keyword">class </span>MyEventReceiver : <span class="keyword">public</span> IEventReceiver</div><div class="line">{</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">public</span>:</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">virtual</span> <span class="keywordtype">bool</span> OnEvent(<span class="keyword">const</span> SEvent&amp; event)</div><div class="line"> {</div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Key S enables/disables SplitScreen</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (event.EventType == irr::EET_KEY_INPUT_EVENT &amp;&amp;</div><div class="line"> event.KeyInput.Key == KEY_KEY_S &amp;&amp; event.KeyInput.PressedDown)</div><div class="line"> {</div><div class="line"> SplitScreen = !SplitScreen;</div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> <span class="keyword">true</span>;</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Send all other events to camera4</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (camera[3])</div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> camera[3]-&gt;OnEvent(event);</div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> <span class="keyword">false</span>;</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line">};</div></div><!-- fragment --><p> Ok, now the main-function: First, we initialize the device, get the SourceManager and VideoDriver, load an animated mesh from .md2 and a map from .pk3. Because that's old stuff, I won't explain every step. Just take care of the maps position. </p><div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="keywordtype">int</span> main()</div><div class="line">{</div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">// ask user for driver</span></div><div class="line"> video::E_DRIVER_TYPE driverType=driverChoiceConsole();</div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (driverType==video::EDT_COUNT)</div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> 1;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Instance of the EventReceiver</span></div><div class="line"> MyEventReceiver receiver;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Initialise the engine</span></div><div class="line"> IrrlichtDevice *device = createDevice(driverType,</div><div class="line"> dimension2du(ResX,ResY), 32, fullScreen,</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">false</span>, <span class="keyword">false</span>, &amp;receiver);</div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (!device)</div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> 1;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> ISceneManager *smgr = device-&gt;getSceneManager();</div><div class="line"> IVideoDriver *driver = device-&gt;getVideoDriver();</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Load model</span></div><div class="line"> IAnimatedMesh *model = smgr-&gt;getMesh(<span class="stringliteral">&quot;../../media/sydney.md2&quot;</span>);</div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (!model)</div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> 1;</div><div class="line"> IAnimatedMeshSceneNode *model_node = smgr-&gt;addAnimatedMeshSceneNode(model);</div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Load texture</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (model_node)</div><div class="line"> {</div><div class="line"> ITexture *texture = driver-&gt;getTexture(<span class="stringliteral">&quot;../../media/sydney.bmp&quot;</span>);</div><div class="line"> model_node-&gt;setMaterialTexture(0,texture);</div><div class="line"> model_node-&gt;setMD2Animation(scene::EMAT_RUN);</div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Disable lighting (we&#39;ve got no light)</span></div><div class="line"> model_node-&gt;setMaterialFlag(EMF_LIGHTING,<span class="keyword">false</span>);</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Load map</span></div><div class="line"> device-&gt;getFileSystem()-&gt;addFileArchive(<span class="stringliteral">&quot;../../media/map-20kdm2.pk3&quot;</span>);</div><div class="line"> IAnimatedMesh *map = smgr-&gt;getMesh(<span class="stringliteral">&quot;20kdm2.bsp&quot;</span>);</div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (map)</div><div class="line"> {</div><div class="line"> ISceneNode *map_node = smgr-&gt;addOctreeSceneNode(map-&gt;getMesh(0));</div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Set position</span></div><div class="line"> map_node-&gt;setPosition(vector3df(-850,-220,-850));</div><div class="line"> }</div></div><!-- fragment --><p> Now we create our four cameras. One is looking at the model from the front, one from the top and one from the side. In addition there's a FPS-camera which can be controlled by the user. </p><div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="comment">// Create 3 fixed and one user-controlled cameras</span></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">//Front</span></div><div class="line">camera[0] = smgr-&gt;addCameraSceneNode(0, vector3df(50,0,0), vector3df(0,0,0));</div><div class="line"><span class="comment">//Top</span></div><div class="line">camera[1] = smgr-&gt;addCameraSceneNode(0, vector3df(0,50,0), vector3df(0,0,0));</div><div class="line"><span class="comment">//Left</span></div><div class="line">camera[2] = smgr-&gt;addCameraSceneNode(0, vector3df(0,0,50), vector3df(0,0,0));</div><div class="line"><span class="comment">//User-controlled</span></div><div class="line">camera[3] = smgr-&gt;addCameraSceneNodeFPS();</div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// don&#39;t start at sydney&#39;s position</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keywordflow">if</span> (camera[3])</div><div class="line"> camera[3]-&gt;setPosition(core::vector3df(-50,0,-50));</div></div><!-- fragment --><p> Create a variable for counting the fps and hide the mouse: </p><div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="comment">//Hide mouse</span></div><div class="line">device-&gt;getCursorControl()-&gt;setVisible(<span class="keyword">false</span>);</div><div class="line"><span class="comment">//We want to count the fps</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keywordtype">int</span> lastFPS = -1;</div></div><!-- fragment --><p> There wasn't much new stuff - till now! Only by defining four cameras, the game won't be splitscreen. To do this you need several steps:</p><ul>
<li>Set the viewport to the whole screen</li>
<li>Begin a new scene (Clear screen)</li>
<li>The following 3 steps are repeated for every viewport in the splitscreen<ul>
<li>Set the viewport to the area you wish</li>
<li>Activate the camera which should be "linked" with the viewport</li>
<li>Render all objects</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>If you have a GUI:<ul>
<li>Set the viewport the whole screen</li>
<li>Display the GUI</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>End scene</li>
</ul>
<p>Sounds a little complicated, but you'll see it isn't: </p><div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="keywordflow">while</span>(device-&gt;run())</div><div class="line">{</div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Set the viewpoint to the whole screen and begin scene</span></div><div class="line"> driver-&gt;setViewPort(rect&lt;s32&gt;(0,0,ResX,ResY));</div><div class="line"> driver-&gt;beginScene(<span class="keyword">true</span>,<span class="keyword">true</span>,SColor(255,100,100,100));</div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">//If SplitScreen is used</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (SplitScreen)</div><div class="line"> {</div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Activate camera1</span></div><div class="line"> smgr-&gt;setActiveCamera(camera[0]);</div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Set viewpoint to the first quarter (left top)</span></div><div class="line"> driver-&gt;setViewPort(rect&lt;s32&gt;(0,0,ResX/2,ResY/2));</div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Draw scene</span></div><div class="line"> smgr-&gt;drawAll();</div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Activate camera2</span></div><div class="line"> smgr-&gt;setActiveCamera(camera[1]);</div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Set viewpoint to the second quarter (right top)</span></div><div class="line"> driver-&gt;setViewPort(rect&lt;s32&gt;(ResX/2,0,ResX,ResY/2));</div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Draw scene</span></div><div class="line"> smgr-&gt;drawAll();</div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Activate camera3</span></div><div class="line"> smgr-&gt;setActiveCamera(camera[2]);</div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Set viewpoint to the third quarter (left bottom)</span></div><div class="line"> driver-&gt;setViewPort(rect&lt;s32&gt;(0,ResY/2,ResX/2,ResY));</div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Draw scene</span></div><div class="line"> smgr-&gt;drawAll();</div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Set viewport the last quarter (right bottom)</span></div><div class="line"> driver-&gt;setViewPort(rect&lt;s32&gt;(ResX/2,ResY/2,ResX,ResY));</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Activate camera4</span></div><div class="line"> smgr-&gt;setActiveCamera(camera[3]);</div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Draw scene</span></div><div class="line"> smgr-&gt;drawAll();</div><div class="line"> driver-&gt;endScene();</div></div><!-- fragment --><p> As you can probably see, the image is rendered for every viewport separately. That means, that you'll loose much performance. Ok, if you're asking "How do I have to set the viewport
to get this or that screen?", don't panic. It's really easy: In the rect-function you define 4 coordinates:</p><ul>
<li>X-coordinate of the corner left top</li>
<li>Y-coordinate of the corner left top</li>
<li>X-coordinate of the corner right bottom</li>
<li>Y-coordinate of the corner right bottom</li>
</ul>
<p>That means, if you want to split the screen into 2 viewports you would give the following coordinates:</p><ul>
<li>1st viewport: 0,0,ResX/2,ResY</li>
<li>2nd viewport: ResX/2,0,ResX,ResY</li>
</ul>
<p>If you didn't fully understand, just play around with the example to check out what happens.</p>
<p>Now we just view the current fps and shut down the engine, when the user wants to: </p><div class="fragment"><div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Get and show fps</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (driver-&gt;getFPS() != lastFPS)</div><div class="line"> {</div><div class="line"> lastFPS = driver-&gt;getFPS();</div><div class="line"> core::stringw tmp = L<span class="stringliteral">&quot;Irrlicht SplitScreen-Example (FPS: &quot;</span>;</div><div class="line"> tmp += lastFPS;</div><div class="line"> tmp += <span class="stringliteral">&quot;)&quot;</span>;</div><div class="line"> device-&gt;setWindowCaption(tmp.c_str());</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Delete device</span></div><div class="line"> device-&gt;drop();</div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> 0;</div><div class="line">}</div></div><!-- fragment --><p> That's it! Just compile and play around with the program. Note: With the S-Key you can switch between using splitscreen and not. </p>
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