============================= Minetest World Format 22...29 ============================= This applies to a world format carrying the block serialization version 22...27, used at least in - 0.4.dev-20120322 ... 0.4.dev-20120606 (22...23) - 0.4.0 (23) - 24 was never released as stable and existed for ~2 days - 27 was added in 0.4.15-dev - 29 was added in 5.5.0-dev The block serialization version does not fully specify every aspect of this format; if compliance with this format is to be checked, it needs to be done by detecting if the files and data indeed follows it. Files ====== Everything is contained in a directory, the name of which is freeform, but often serves as the name of the world. Currently the authentication and ban data is stored on a per-world basis. It can be copied over from an old world to a newly created world. World |-- auth.txt ----- Authentication data |-- auth.sqlite -- Authentication data (SQLite alternative) |-- env_meta.txt - Environment metadata |-- ipban.txt ---- Banned ips/users |-- map_meta.txt - Map metadata |-- map.sqlite --- Map data |-- players ------ Player directory | |-- player1 -- Player file | '-- Foo ------ Player file `-- world.mt ----- World metadata auth.txt --------- Contains authentication data, player per line. :: Legacy format (until 0.4.12) of password hash is SHA1'd, in the base64 encoding. Format (since 0.4.13) of password hash is #1##, with the parts inside <> encoded in the base64 encoding. is an RFC 2945 compatible SRP verifier, of the given salt, password, and the player's name lowercased, using the 2048-bit group specified in RFC 5054 and the SHA-256 hash function. Example lines: - Player "celeron55", no password, privileges "interact" and "shout": celeron55::interact,shout - Player "Foo", password "bar", privilege "shout", with a legacy password hash: foo:iEPX+SQWIR3p67lj/0zigSWTKHg:shout - Player "Foo", password "bar", privilege "shout", with a 0.4.13 pw hash: foo:#1#hPpy4O3IAn1hsNK00A6wNw#Kpu6rj7McsrPCt4euTb5RA5ltF7wdcWGoYMcRngwDi11cZhPuuR9i5Bo7o6A877TgcEwoc//HNrj9EjR/CGjdyTFmNhiermZOADvd8eu32FYK1kf7RMC0rXWxCenYuOQCG4WF9mMGiyTPxC63VAjAMuc1nCZzmy6D9zt0SIKxOmteI75pAEAIee2hx4OkSXRIiU4Zrxo1Xf7QFxkMY4x77vgaPcvfmuzom0y/fU1EdSnZeopGPvzMpFx80ODFx1P34R52nmVl0W8h4GNo0k8ZiWtRCdrJxs8xIg7z5P1h3Th/BJ0lwexpdK8sQZWng8xaO5ElthNuhO8UQx1l6FgEA:shout - Player "bar", no password, no privileges: bar:: auth.sqlite ------------ Contains authentification data as an SQLite database. This replaces auth.txt above when auth_backend is set to "sqlite3" in world.mt . This database contains two tables "auth" and "user_privileges": CREATE TABLE `auth` ( `id` INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, `name` VARCHAR(32) UNIQUE, `password` VARCHAR(512), `last_login` INTEGER ); CREATE TABLE `user_privileges` ( `id` INTEGER, `privilege` VARCHAR(32), PRIMARY KEY (id, privilege) CONSTRAINT fk_id FOREIGN KEY (id) REFERENCES auth (id) ON DELETE CASCADE ); The "name" and "password" fields of the auth table are the same as the auth.txt fields (with modern password hash). The "last_login" field is the last login time as a unix time stamp. The "user_privileges" table contains one entry per privilege and player. A player with "interact" and "shout" privileges will have two entries, one with privilege="interact" and the second with privilege="shout". env_meta.txt ------------- Simple global environment variables. Example content (added indentation): game_time = 73471 time_of_day = 19118 EnvArgsEnd ipban.txt ---------- Banned IP addresses and usernames. Example content (added indentation): 123.456.78.9|foo 123.456.78.10|bar map_meta.txt ------------- Simple global map variables. Example content (added indentation): seed = 7980462765762429666 [end_of_params] map.sqlite ----------- Map data. See Map File Format below. player1, Foo ------------- Player data. Filename can be anything. See Player File Format below. world.mt --------- World metadata. Example content (added indentation and - explanations): gameid = mesetint - name of the game enable_damage = true - whether damage is enabled or not creative_mode = false - whether creative mode is enabled or not backend = sqlite3 - which DB backend to use for blocks (sqlite3, dummy, leveldb, redis, postgresql) player_backend = sqlite3 - which DB backend to use for player data readonly_backend = sqlite3 - optionally readonly seed DB (DB file _must_ be located in "readonly" subfolder) auth_backend = files - which DB backend to use for authentication data server_announce = false - whether the server is publicly announced or not load_mod_ = false - whether is to be loaded in this world For load_mod_, the possible values are: * `false` - Do not load the mod. * `true` - Load the mod from wherever it is found (may cause conflicts if the same mod appears also in some other place). * `mods/modpack/moddir` - Relative path to the mod * Must be one of the following: * `mods/`: mods in the user path's mods folder (ex `/home/user/.minetest/mods`) * `share/`: mods in the share's mods folder (ex: `/usr/share/minetest/mods`) * `/path/to/env`: you can use absolute paths to mods inside folders specified with the `MINETEST_MOD_PATH` env variable. * Other locations and absolute paths are not supported * Note that `moddir` is the directory name, not the mod name specified in mod.conf. PostgreSQL backend specific settings: pgsql_connection = host=127.0.0.1 port=5432 user=mt_user password=mt_password dbname=minetest pgsql_player_connection = (same parameters as above) pgsql_readonly_connection = (same parameters as above) pgsql_auth_connection = (same parameters as above) Redis backend specific settings: redis_address = 127.0.0.1 - Redis server address redis_hash = foo - Database hash redis_port = 6379 - (optional) connection port redis_password = hunter2 - (optional) server password Player File Format =================== - Should be pretty self-explanatory. - Note: position is in nodes * 10 Example content (added indentation): hp = 11 name = celeron55 pitch = 39.77 position = (-5231.97,15,1961.41) version = 1 yaw = 101.37 PlayerArgsEnd List main 32 Item default:torch 13 Item default:pick_steel 1 50112 Item experimental:tnt Item default:cobble 99 Item default:pick_stone 1 13104 Item default:shovel_steel 1 51838 Item default:dirt 61 Item default:rail 78 Item default:coal_lump 3 Item default:cobble 99 Item default:leaves 22 Item default:gravel 52 Item default:axe_steel 1 2045 Item default:cobble 98 Item default:sand 61 Item default:water_source 94 Item default:glass 2 Item default:mossycobble Item default:pick_steel 1 64428 Item animalmaterials:bone Item default:sword_steel Item default:sapling Item default:sword_stone 1 10647 Item default:dirt 99 Empty Empty Empty Empty Empty Empty Empty Empty EndInventoryList List craft 9 Empty Empty Empty Empty Empty Empty Empty Empty Empty EndInventoryList List craftpreview 1 Empty EndInventoryList List craftresult 1 Empty EndInventoryList EndInventory Map File Format ================ Minetest maps consist of MapBlocks, chunks of 16x16x16 nodes. In addition to the bulk node data, MapBlocks stored on disk also contain other things. History -------- We need a bit of history in here. Initially Minetest stored maps in a format called the "sectors" format. It was a directory/file structure like this: sectors2/XXX/ZZZ/YYYY For example, the MapBlock at (0,1,-2) was this file: sectors2/000/ffd/0001 Eventually Minetest outgrow this directory structure, as filesystems were struggling under the amount of files and directories. Large servers seriously needed a new format, and thus the base of the current format was invented, suggested by celeron55 and implemented by JacobF. SQLite3 was slammed in, and blocks files were directly inserted as blobs in a single table, indexed by integer primary keys, oddly mangled from coordinates. Today we know that SQLite3 allows multiple primary keys (which would allow storing coordinates separately), but the format has been kept unchanged for that part. So, this is where it has come. So here goes ------------- map.sqlite is an sqlite3 database, containing a single table, called "blocks". It looks like this: CREATE TABLE `blocks` (`pos` INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,`data` BLOB); The key -------- "pos" is created from the three coordinates of a MapBlock using this algorithm, defined here in Python: def getBlockAsInteger(p): return int64(p[2]*16777216 + p[1]*4096 + p[0]) def int64(u): while u >= 2**63: u -= 2**64 while u <= -2**63: u += 2**64 return u It can be converted the other way by using this code: def getIntegerAsBlock(i): x = unsignedToSigned(i % 4096, 2048) i = int((i - x) / 4096) y = unsignedToSigned(i % 4096, 2048) i = int((i - y) / 4096) z = unsignedToSigned(i % 4096, 2048) return x,y,z def unsignedToSigned(i, max_positive): if i < max_positive: return i else: return i - 2*max_positive The blob --------- The blob is the data that would have otherwise gone into the file. See below for description. MapBlock serialization format ============================== NOTE: Byte order is MSB first (big-endian). NOTE: Zlib data is in such a format that Python's zlib at least can directly decompress. NOTE: Since version 29 zstd is used instead of zlib. In addition the entire block is first serialized and then compressed (except the version byte). u8 version - map format version number, see serialization.h for the latest number u8 flags - Flag bitmasks: - 0x01: is_underground: Should be set to 0 if there will be no light obstructions above the block. If/when sunlight of a block is updated and there is no block above it, this value is checked for determining whether sunlight comes from the top. - 0x02: day_night_differs: Whether the lighting of the block is different on day and night. Only blocks that have this bit set are updated when day transforms to night. - 0x04: lighting_expired: Not used in version 27 and above. If true, lighting is invalid and should be updated. If you can't calculate lighting in your generator properly, you could try setting this 1 to everything and setting the uppermost block in every sector as is_underground=0. I am quite sure it doesn't work properly, though. - 0x08: generated: True if the block has been generated. If false, block is mostly filled with CONTENT_IGNORE and is likely to contain eg. parts of trees of neighboring blocks. u16 lighting_complete - Added in version 27. - This contains 12 flags, each of them corresponds to a direction. - Indicates if the light is correct at the sides of a map block. Lighting may not be correct if the light changed, but a neighbor block was not loaded at that time. If these flags are false, Minetest will automatically recompute light when both this block and its required neighbor are loaded. - The bit order is: nothing, nothing, nothing, nothing, night X-, night Y-, night Z-, night Z+, night Y+, night X+, day X-, day Y-, day Z-, day Z+, day Y+, day X+. Where 'day' is for the day light bank, 'night' is for the night light bank. The 'nothing' bits should be always set, as they will be used to indicate if direct sunlight spreading is finished. - Example: if the block at (0, 0, 0) has lighting_complete = 0b1111111111111110, then Minetest will correct lighting in the day light bank when the block at (1, 0, 0) is also loaded. if map format version >= 29: u32 timestamp - Timestamp when last saved, as seconds from starting the game. - 0xffffffff = invalid/unknown timestamp, nothing should be done with the time difference when loaded u8 name_id_mapping_version - Should be zero for map format version 29. u16 num_name_id_mappings foreach num_name_id_mappings u16 id u16 name_len u8[name_len] name if map format version < 29: -- Nothing right here, timestamp and node id mappings are serialized later u8 content_width - Number of bytes in the content (param0) fields of nodes if map format version <= 23: - Always 1 if map format version >= 24: - Always 2 u8 params_width - Number of bytes used for parameters per node - Always 2 node data (zlib-compressed if version < 29): if content_width == 1: - content: u8[4096]: param0 fields u8[4096]: param1 fields u8[4096]: param2 fields if content_width == 2: - content: u16[4096]: param0 fields u8[4096]: param1 fields u8[4096]: param2 fields - The location of a node in each of those arrays is (z*16*16 + y*16 + x). node metadata list (zlib-compressed if version < 29): - content: if map format version <= 22: u16 version (=1) u16 count of metadata foreach count: u16 position (p.Z*MAP_BLOCKSIZE*MAP_BLOCKSIZE + p.Y*MAP_BLOCKSIZE + p.X) u16 type_id u16 content_size u8[content_size] content of metadata. Format depends on type_id, see below. if map format version >= 23: u8 version -- Note: type was u16 for map format version <= 22 -- = 1 for map format version < 28 -- = 2 since map format version 28 u16 count of metadata foreach count: u16 position (p.Z*MAP_BLOCKSIZE*MAP_BLOCKSIZE + p.Y*MAP_BLOCKSIZE + p.X) u32 num_vars foreach num_vars: u16 key_len u8[key_len] key u32 val_len u8[val_len] value u8 is_private -- only for version >= 2. 0 = not private, 1 = private serialized inventory - Node timers if map format version == 23: u8 unused version (always 0) if map format version == 24: (NOTE: Not released as stable) u8 nodetimer_version if nodetimer_version == 0: (nothing else) if nodetimer_version == 1: u16 num_of_timers foreach num_of_timers: u16 timer position (z*16*16 + y*16 + x) s32 timeout*1000 s32 elapsed*1000 if map format version >= 25: -- Nothing right here, node timers are serialized later u8 static object version: - Always 0 u16 static_object_count foreach static_object_count: u8 type (object type-id) s32 pos_x_nodes * 10000 s32 pos_y_nodes * 10000 s32 pos_z_nodes * 10000 u16 data_size u8[data_size] data if map format version < 29: u32 timestamp - Same meaning as the timestamp further up u8 name-id-mapping version - Always 0 u16 num_name_id_mappings foreach num_name_id_mappings u16 id u16 name_len u8[name_len] name - Node timers if map format version >= 25: u8 length of the data of a single timer (always 2+4+4=10) u16 num_of_timers foreach num_of_timers: u16 timer position (z*16*16 + y*16 + x) s32 timeout*1000 s32 elapsed*1000 EOF. Format of nodes ---------------- A node is composed of the u8 fields param0, param1 and param2. if map format version <= 23: The content id of a node is determined as so: - If param0 < 0x80, content_id = param0 - Otherwise content_id = (param0<<4) + (param2>>4) if map format version >= 24: The content id of a node is param0. The purpose of param1 and param2 depend on the definition of the node. The name-id-mapping -------------------- The mapping maps node content ids to node names. Node metadata format for map format versions <= 22 --------------------------------------------------- The node metadata are serialized depending on the type_id field. 1: Generic metadata serialized inventory u32 len u8[len] text u16 len u8[len] owner u16 len u8[len] infotext u16 len u8[len] inventory drawspec u8 allow_text_input (bool) u8 removal_disabled (bool) u8 enforce_owner (bool) u32 num_vars foreach num_vars u16 len u8[len] name u32 len u8[len] value 14: Sign metadata u16 text_len u8[text_len] text 15: Chest metadata serialized inventory 16: Furnace metadata TBD 17: Locked Chest metadata u16 len u8[len] owner serialized inventory Static objects --------------- Static objects are persistent freely moving objects in the world. Object types: 1: Test object 7: LuaEntity 7: LuaEntity: u8 compatibility_byte (always 1) u16 len u8[len] entity name u32 len u8[len] static data s16 hp s32 velocity.x * 10000 s32 velocity.y * 10000 s32 velocity.z * 10000 s32 yaw * 1000 if PROTOCOL_VERSION >= 37: u8 version2 (=1) s32 pitch * 1000 s32 roll * 1000 Itemstring format ------------------ eg. 'default:dirt 5' eg. 'default:pick_wood 21323' eg. '"default:apple" 2' eg. 'default:apple' - The wear value in tools is 0...65535 - There are also a number of older formats that you might stumble upon: eg. 'node "default:dirt" 5' eg. 'NodeItem default:dirt 5' eg. 'ToolItem WPick 21323' Inventory serialization format ------------------------------- - The inventory serialization format is line-based - The newline character used is "\n" - The end condition of a serialized inventory is always "EndInventory\n" - All the slots in a list must always be serialized. Example (format does not include "---"): --- List foo 4 Item default:sapling Item default:sword_stone 1 10647 Item default:dirt 99 Empty EndInventoryList List bar 9 Empty Empty Empty Empty Empty Empty Empty Empty Empty EndInventoryList EndInventory ---