diff --git a/api.lua b/api.lua
index e6efc46..e5b0a8a 100644
--- a/api.lua
+++ b/api.lua
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ end
 
 mobs = {
 	mod = "redo",
-	version = "20241130",
+	version = "20241201",
 	spawning_mobs = {},
 	translate = S,
 	node_snow = has(minetest.registered_aliases["mapgen_snow"])
@@ -263,27 +263,26 @@ end
 
 function mob_class:collision()
 
-	local pos = self.object:get_pos() ; if not pos then return {0, 0} end
+	local pos = self.object:get_pos() ; if not pos then return 0, 0 end
 	local x, z = 0, 0
 	local prop = self.object:get_properties()
 	local width = -prop.collisionbox[1] + prop.collisionbox[4] + 0.5
-	local pos2, vec, force
 
 	for _,object in pairs(minetest.get_objects_inside_radius(pos, width)) do
 
 		if object:is_player() then
 
-			pos2 = object:get_pos()
-			vec  = {x = pos.x - pos2.x, z = pos.z - pos2.z}
-			force = width - vector.distance(
-					{x = pos.x, y = 0, z = pos.z}, {x = pos2.x, y = 0, z = pos2.z})
+			local pos2 = object:get_pos()
+			local vx, vz  = pos.x - pos2.x, pos.z - pos2.z
+			local force = width - (vx * vx + vz * vz) ^ 0.5
 
-			x = x + (vec.x * force)
-			z = z + (vec.z * force)
+			if force > 0 then
+				force = force * 2 ; x = x + vx * force ; z = z + vz * force
+			end
 		end
 	end
 
-	return({x, z})
+	return x, z
 end
 
 -- check if string exists in another string or table
@@ -325,7 +324,7 @@ function mob_class:set_velocity(v)
 	local c_x, c_y = 0, 0
 
 	-- can mob be pushed, if so calculate direction
-	if self.pushable then c_x, c_y = unpack(self:collision()) end
+	if self.pushable then c_x, c_y = self:collision() end
 
 	local yaw = (self.object:get_yaw() or 0) + (self.rotate or 0)
 
@@ -634,9 +633,9 @@ function mob_class:update_tag(newname)
 
 	local text = ""
 
-	if self.horny == true then
+	if self.horny then
 		text = "\nLoving: " .. (self.hornytimer - (HORNY_TIME + HORNY_AGAIN_TIME))
-	elseif self.child == true then
+	elseif self.child then
 		text = "\nGrowing: " .. (self.hornytimer - CHILD_GROW_TIME)
 	elseif self._tame_countdown then
 		text = "\nTaming: " .. self._tame_countdown
@@ -888,28 +887,23 @@ end
 
 -- Returns true if node can deal damage to self
 
-local function is_node_dangerous(mob_object, nodename)
-
-	if mob_object.water_damage > 0
-	and minetest.get_item_group(nodename, "water") ~= 0 then return true end
-
-	if mob_object.lava_damage > 0
-	and minetest.get_item_group(nodename, "lava") ~= 0 then return true end
-
-	if mob_object.fire_damage > 0
-	and minetest.get_item_group(nodename, "fire") ~= 0 then return true end
+local function is_node_dangerous(self, nodename)
 
 	local def = minetest.registered_nodes[nodename]
 
-	if mob_object.node_damage and def.damage_per_second > 0 then
+	if (self.water_damage and def.groups.water)
+	or (self.lava_damage and def.groups.lava)
+	or (self.fire_damage and def.groups.fire) then return true end
+
+	if self.node_damage and def.damage_per_second > 0 then
 
 		-- check for node immunity or special damage
 		local damage = def.damage_per_second
 
 		for n = 1, #mob_object.immune_to do
 
-			if mob_object.immune_to[n][1] == nodename then
-				damage = mob_object.immune_to[n][2] or 0 ; break
+			if self.immune_to[n][1] == nodename then
+				damage = self.immune_to[n][2] or 0 ; break
 			end
 		end
 
@@ -1080,14 +1074,14 @@ function mob_class:do_env_damage()
 
 	--- suffocation inside solid node
 	if (self.suffocation and self.suffocation ~= 0)
-	and (nodef.walkable == nil or nodef.walkable == true)
+	and (nodef.walkable == nil or nodef.walkable)
 	and (nodef.collision_box == nil or nodef.collision_box.type == "regular")
 	and (nodef.node_box == nil or nodef.node_box.type == "regular")
 	and (nodef.groups.disable_suffocation ~= 1) then
 
 		local damage
 
-		if type(self.suffocation) == "boolean" and self.suffocation == true then
+		if type(self.suffocation) == "boolean" and self.suffocation then
 			damage = 2
 		else
 			damage = self.suffocation
@@ -1123,10 +1117,7 @@ function mob_class:do_jump()
 	local blocked = minetest.registered_nodes[self.looking_above].walkable
 
 	-- if mob can leap then remove blockages and let them try
-	if self.can_leap == true then
-		blocked = false
-		self.facing_fence = false
-	end
+	if self.can_leap then blocked = false ; self.facing_fence = false end
 
 	-- jump if possible
 	if self.jump and self.jump_height > 0 and not self.fly and not self.child
@@ -1231,7 +1222,7 @@ end
 function mob_class:breed()
 
 	-- child takes a long time before growing into adult
-	if self.child == true then
+	if self.child then
 
 		self.hornytimer = self.hornytimer + 1
 
@@ -1274,7 +1265,7 @@ function mob_class:breed()
 
 	-- horny animal can mate for HORNY_TIME seconds,
 	-- afterwards horny animal cannot mate again for HORNY_AGAIN_TIME seconds
-	if self.horny == true and self.hornytimer < HORNY_TIME + HORNY_AGAIN_TIME then
+	if self.horny and self.hornytimer < HORNY_TIME + HORNY_AGAIN_TIME then
 
 		self.hornytimer = self.hornytimer + 1
 
@@ -1287,7 +1278,7 @@ function mob_class:breed()
 	end
 
 	-- find another same animal who is also horny and mate if nearby
-	if self.horny == true and self.hornytimer <= HORNY_TIME then
+	if self.horny and self.hornytimer <= HORNY_TIME then
 
 		local pos = self.object:get_pos()
 		local prop = self.object:get_properties().collisionbox
@@ -1323,8 +1314,8 @@ function mob_class:breed()
 			end
 
 			-- found another similar horny animal that isn't self?
-			if ent and ent.object ~= self.object and canmate == true
-			and ent.horny == true and ent.hornytimer <= HORNY_TIME then
+			if ent and ent.object ~= self.object and canmate
+			and ent.horny and ent.hornytimer <= HORNY_TIME then
 
 				local pos2 = ent.object:get_pos()
 
@@ -1394,7 +1385,7 @@ function mob_class:replace(pos)
 	local vel = self.object:get_velocity() ; if not vel then return end
 
 	if not mobs_griefing or not self.replace_rate or not self.replace_what
-	or self.child == true or vel.y ~= 0 or random(self.replace_rate) > 1 then
+	or self.child or vel.y ~= 0 or random(self.replace_rate) > 1 then
 		return
 	end
 
@@ -1450,7 +1441,7 @@ end
 
 function mob_class:day_docile()
 
-	if self.docile_by_day == true
+	if self.docile_by_day
 	and self.time_of_day > 0.2 and self.time_of_day < 0.8 then return true end
 end
 
@@ -1514,22 +1505,21 @@ function mob_class:smart_mobs(s, p, dist, dtime)
 	-- im stuck, search for path
 	if not has_lineofsight then
 
-		if los_switcher == true then
+		if los_switcher then
 			use_pathfind = true
 			los_switcher = false
 		end -- cannot see target!
 	else
-		if los_switcher == false then
+		if not los_switcher then
 
 			los_switcher = true
 			use_pathfind = false
 
 			minetest.after(1, function(self)
 
-				if self.object:get_luaentity() then
+				if not self.object:get_luaentity() then return end
 
-					if has_lineofsight then self.path.following = false end
-				end
+				if has_lineofsight then self.path.following = false end
 			end, self)
 		end -- can see target!
 	end
@@ -1541,10 +1531,9 @@ function mob_class:smart_mobs(s, p, dist, dtime)
 
 		minetest.after(1, function(self)
 
-			if self.object:get_luaentity() then
+			if not self.object:get_luaentity() then return end
 
-				if has_lineofsight then self.path.following = false end
-			end
+			if has_lineofsight then self.path.following = false end
 		end, self)
 	end
 
@@ -1555,16 +1544,15 @@ function mob_class:smart_mobs(s, p, dist, dtime)
 
 		minetest.after(1, function(self)
 
-			if self.object:get_luaentity() then
+			if not self.object:get_luaentity() then return end
 
-				if has_lineofsight then self.path.following = false end
-			end
+			if has_lineofsight then self.path.following = false end
 		end, self)
 	end
 
 	local prop = self.object:get_properties()
 
-	if abs(vsubtract(s, target_pos).y) > prop.stepheight then
+	if abs(s.y - target_pos.y) > prop.stepheight then
 
 		if height_switcher then use_pathfind = true ; height_switcher = false end
 	else
@@ -1583,9 +1571,7 @@ function mob_class:smart_mobs(s, p, dist, dtime)
 				{x = s.x, y = s.y - 4, z = s.z}, 1)
 
 		-- determine node above ground (adjust height for player models)
-		if not ssight then
-			s.y = sground.y + 1
-		end
+		if not ssight then s.y = sground.y + 1 end
 
 		local p1 = self.attack and self.attack:get_pos()
 
@@ -1837,7 +1823,7 @@ function mob_class:general_attack()
 
 		-- choose closest player to attack that isnt self
 		if dist ~= 0 and dist < min_dist
-		and self:line_of_sight(sp, p) == true and not is_peaceful_player(player) then
+		and self:line_of_sight(sp, p) and not is_peaceful_player(player) then
 			min_dist = dist
 			min_player = player
 		end
@@ -1897,7 +1883,7 @@ function mob_class:do_runaway_from()
 			dist = get_distance(p, s)
 
 			-- choose closest player/mob to runaway from
-			if dist < min_dist and self:line_of_sight(sp, p) == true then
+			if dist < min_dist and self:line_of_sight(sp, p) then
 				min_dist = dist
 				min_player = player
 			end
@@ -2065,39 +2051,26 @@ function mob_class:do_states(dtime)
 	local yaw = self.object:get_yaw() ; if not yaw then return end
 
 	-- are we standing in something that hurts ?  Try to get out
-	if is_node_dangerous(self, self.standing_in) then
+	if is_node_dangerous(self, self.standing_in) then -- and self.pause_timer <= 0 then
 
 		local s = self.object:get_pos()
-		local grps = {}
 
-		if self.water_damage > 0 then table.insert(grps, "group:water") end
-		if self.fire_damage > 0 then table.insert(grps, "group:fire") end
-		if self.lava_damage > 0 then table.insert(grps, "group:lava") end
+		local lp = minetest.find_nodes_in_area_under_air(
+				{x = s.x - 7, y = s.y - 1.0, z = s.z - 7},
+				{x = s.x + 7, y = s.y + 1.0, z = s.z + 7},
+				{"group:cracky", "group:crumbly", "group:choppy", "group:solid"})
 
-		local lp = minetest.find_node_near(s, 1, grps)
+		-- did we find land ? if so face random block to climb onto
+		if #lp > 0 then
 
-		if lp then
+			yaw = self:yaw_to_pos( lp[random(#lp)] )
+		
+			self.pause_timer = 3
+			self.following = nil
+			self:set_velocity(self.run_velocity)
+			self:set_animation("walk")
 
-			if self.pause_timer <= 0 then
-
-				lp = minetest.find_nodes_in_area_under_air(
-						{x = s.x - 5, y = s.y , z = s.z - 5},
-						{x = s.x + 5, y = s.y + 2, z = s.z + 5},
-						{"group:cracky", "group:crumbly", "group:choppy", "group:solid"})
-
-				-- did we find land ? if so face random block to climb onto
-				if lp and #lp > 0 then
-					yaw = self:yaw_to_pos( lp[random(#lp)] )
-				end
-
-				self.pause_timer = 3
-				self.following = nil
-
-				self:set_velocity(self.run_velocity)
-				self:set_animation("walk")
-
-				return
-			end
+			return
 		end
 	end
 
@@ -2156,8 +2129,7 @@ function mob_class:do_states(dtime)
 		end
 
 		-- stand for great fall in front
-		if self.facing_fence == true or self.at_cliff
-		or random(100) <= self.stand_chance then
+		if self.facing_fence or self.at_cliff or random(100) <= self.stand_chance then
 
 			-- don't stand if mob flies and keep_flying set
 			if (self.fly and not self.keep_flying) or not self.fly then
@@ -2443,8 +2415,7 @@ function mob_class:do_states(dtime)
 					self.timer = 0
 
 					-- no custom attack or custom attack returns true to continue
-					if not self.custom_attack
-					or self:custom_attack(self, p) == true then
+					if not self.custom_attack or self:custom_attack(self, p) then
 
 						self:set_animation("punch")
 
@@ -2453,7 +2424,7 @@ function mob_class:do_states(dtime)
 						p2.y = p2.y + .5
 						s2.y = s2.y + .5
 
-						if self:line_of_sight(p2, s2) == true then
+						if self:line_of_sight(p2, s2) then
 
 							-- play attack sound
 							self:mob_sound(self.sounds.attack)
@@ -2846,7 +2817,7 @@ function mob_class:on_punch(hitter, tflp, tool_capabilities, dir, damage)
 	end
 
 	-- if skittish then run away
-	if self.runaway == true and self.order ~= "stand" then
+	if self.runaway and self.order ~= "stand" then
 
 		local lp = hitter:get_pos()
 
@@ -2861,7 +2832,7 @@ function mob_class:on_punch(hitter, tflp, tool_capabilities, dir, damage)
 
 	-- attack puncher and call other mobs for help
 	if self.passive == false and self.state ~= "flop"
-	and self.child == false and self.attack_players == true
+	and not self.child and self.attack_players
 	and not (is_player(hitter) and hitter_name == self.owner)
 	and not is_invisible(self, hitter_name)
 	and self.object ~= hitter then
@@ -2881,7 +2852,7 @@ function mob_class:on_punch(hitter, tflp, tool_capabilities, dir, damage)
 			if ent and ent._cmi_is_mob then
 
 				-- only alert members of same mob and assigned helper
-				if ent.group_attack == true and ent.state ~= "attack"
+				if ent.group_attack and ent.state ~= "attack"
 				and not (is_player(hitter) and ent.owner == hitter_name)
 				and (ent.name == self.name or ent.name == self.group_helper) then
 					ent:do_attack(hitter)
@@ -3051,13 +3022,13 @@ function mob_class:mob_activate(staticdata, def, dtime)
 	local selbox = self.base_selbox
 
 	-- is there a specific texture if gotten
-	if self.gotten == true and def.gotten_texture then textures = def.gotten_texture end
+	if self.gotten and def.gotten_texture then textures = def.gotten_texture end
 
 	-- specific mesh if gotten
-	if self.gotten == true and def.gotten_mesh then mesh = def.gotten_mesh end
+	if self.gotten and def.gotten_mesh then mesh = def.gotten_mesh end
 
 	-- set child objects to half size
-	if self.child == true then
+	if self.child then
 
 		vis_size = {x = self.base_size.x * .5, y = self.base_size.y * .5}
 
@@ -3573,7 +3544,7 @@ local function can_spawn(pos, name)
 
 		pos2 = {x = pos.x + x, y = pos.y + y, z = pos.z + z}
 
-		if minetest.registered_nodes[node_ok(pos2).name].walkable == true then
+		if minetest.registered_nodes[node_ok(pos2).name].walkable then
 			return nil
 		end
 	end
@@ -3768,7 +3739,7 @@ function mobs:spawn_specific(name, nodes, neighbors, min_light, max_light, inter
 		end
 
 		-- additional custom checks for spawning mob
-		if mobs:spawn_abm_check(pos, node, name) == true then
+		if mobs:spawn_abm_check(pos, node, name) then
 			return
 		end
 
@@ -3803,7 +3774,7 @@ function mobs:spawn_specific(name, nodes, neighbors, min_light, max_light, inter
 					return
 				end
 			else
-				if day_toggle == true then -- night time but mob wants day
+				if day_toggle then -- night time but mob wants day
 --print("--- mob needs day", name)
 					return
 				end
@@ -3860,7 +3831,7 @@ function mobs:spawn_specific(name, nodes, neighbors, min_light, max_light, inter
 
 				local pos2 = {x = pos.x, y = pos.y + n, z = pos.z}
 
-				if minetest.registered_nodes[node_ok(pos2).name].walkable == true then
+				if minetest.registered_nodes[node_ok(pos2).name].walkable then
 --print ("--- inside block", name, node_ok(pos2).name)
 					return
 				end
@@ -3894,7 +3865,7 @@ function mobs:spawn_specific(name, nodes, neighbors, min_light, max_light, inter
 	end
 
 	-- are we registering an abm or lbm?
-	if map_load == true then
+	if map_load then
 
 		minetest.register_lbm({
 			name = name .. "_spawning",
@@ -4062,7 +4033,7 @@ function mobs:register_arrow(name, def)
 
 					local entity = thing.ref:get_luaentity()
 
-					if entity and self.hit_mob and entity._cmi_is_mob == true then
+					if entity and self.hit_mob and entity._cmi_is_mob then
 
 						self:hit_mob(thing.ref)
 
@@ -4096,7 +4067,7 @@ function mobs:register_arrow(name, def)
 
 						self:hit_node(pos, node)
 
-						if (type(self.drop) == "boolean" and self.drop == true)
+						if (type(self.drop) == "boolean" and self.drop)
 						or (type(self.drop) == "number" and random(self.drop) == 1) then
 
 							pos.y = pos.y + 1
@@ -4171,7 +4142,7 @@ function mobs:register_egg(mob, desc, background, addegg, no_creative)
 	local grp = {spawn_egg = 1}
 
 	-- do NOT add this egg to creative inventory (e.g. dungeon master)
-	if no_creative == true then grp.not_in_creative_inventory = 1 end
+	if no_creative then grp.not_in_creative_inventory = 1 end
 
 	local invimg = background
 
@@ -4518,7 +4489,7 @@ function mobs:feed_tame(self, clicker, feed_count, breed, tame)
 		self.object:set_hp(self.health)
 
 		-- make children grow quicker
-		if self.child == true then
+		if self.child then
 
 			-- deduct 10% of the time to adulthood
 			self.hornytimer = floor(self.hornytimer + (
diff --git a/mount.lua b/mount.lua
index 4d4003f..ddf6719 100644
--- a/mount.lua
+++ b/mount.lua
@@ -22,35 +22,17 @@ local abs, cos, floor, sin, sqrt, pi =
 
 -- helper functions
 
-local function node_ok(pos, fallback)
-
-	fallback = fallback or mobs.fallback_node
-
-	local node = minetest.get_node_or_nil(pos)
-
-	if node and minetest.registered_nodes[node.name] then return node end
-
-	return {name = fallback}
-end
-
-
 local function node_is(entity)
 
 	if not entity.standing_on then return "other" end
 
 	if entity.standing_on == "air" then return "air" end
 
-	if minetest.get_item_group(entity.standing_on, "lava") ~= 0 then
-		return "lava"
-	end
+	local def = minetest.registered_nodes[entity.standing_on]
 
-	if minetest.get_item_group(entity.standing_on, "liquid") ~= 0 then
-		return "liquid"
-	end
-
-	if minetest.registered_nodes[entity.standing_on].walkable == true then
-		return "walkable"
-	end
+	if def.groups.lava then return "lava" end
+	if def.groups.liquid then return "liquid" end
+	if def.groups.walkable then return "walkable" end
 
 	return "other"
 end
@@ -236,6 +218,11 @@ function mobs.detach(player)
 	end)
 end
 
+-- vars
+
+local GRAVITY = -9.8
+local damage_counter = 0
+
 -- ride mob like car or horse
 
 function mobs.drive(entity, moving_anim, stand_anim, can_fly, dtime)
@@ -245,7 +232,7 @@ function mobs.drive(entity, moving_anim, stand_anim, can_fly, dtime)
 
 	if entity.player_rotation.y == 90 then rot_view = pi / 2 end
 
-	local acce_y = 0
+	local acce_y = GRAVITY
 	local velo = entity.object:get_velocity() ; if not velo then return end
 
 	entity.v = get_v(velo) * get_sign(entity.v)
@@ -321,6 +308,35 @@ function mobs.drive(entity, moving_anim, stand_anim, can_fly, dtime)
 		end
 	end
 
+	local ni = node_is(entity)
+
+	-- env damage
+	if ni == "liquid" or ni == "lava" then
+
+		damage_counter = damage_counter + dtime
+
+		if damage_counter > 1 then
+
+			local damage = 0
+
+			if entity.lava_damage > 0 and ni == "lava" then
+				damage = entity.lava_damage
+			elseif entity.water_damage > 0 and ni == "liquid" then
+				damage = entity.water_damage
+			end
+
+			if damage >= 1 then
+
+				entity.object:punch(entity.object, 1.0, {
+					full_punch_interval = 1.0,
+					damage_groups = {fleshy = damage}
+				}, nil)
+			end
+
+			damage_counter = 0
+		end
+	end
+
 	-- if not moving then set animation and return
 	if entity.v == 0 and velo.x == 0 and velo.y == 0 and velo.z == 0 then
 
@@ -361,12 +377,11 @@ function mobs.drive(entity, moving_anim, stand_anim, can_fly, dtime)
 
 	p.y = p.y - 0.5
 
-	local ni = node_is(entity)
 	local v = entity.v
 
 	if ni == "air" then
 
-		if can_fly == true then new_acce.y = 0 end
+		if can_fly then new_acce.y = 0 ; acce_y = 0 end
 
 	elseif ni == "liquid" or ni == "lava" then